Derbyshire County Cricket Club was founded on November 4, 1870, during a meeting in Derby's Guildhall. The Earl of Chesterfield, who had played for and against All-England, was the inaugural President, with G. H. Strutt as Vice-President and Walter Boden as Secretary, after three years of campaigning for the club's creation. From its inaugural match in 1871 to 1887, the club was a first-class club.

Derbyshire County Cricket Club is one of England and Wales' domestic cricket structure's eighteen first-class county clubs. Derbyshire is the historic county it depicts. The Derbyshire Falcons are the limited overs team, named after the famed peregrine falcon that nests on Derby Cathedral (it was previously called the Derbyshire Scorpions until 2005 and the Phantoms until 2010).

The County Cricket Ground, formerly known as the Racecourse Ground, is where the club is situated in Derby. County cricket returned to Queen's Park, Chesterfield in 2006 for the first time in eight years, with a County Championship match against Worcestershire and a one-day league match against Surrey. Buxton, Saltergate in Chesterfield, Heanor, Ilkeston, Blackwell, Abbeydale Park in Sheffield, Wirksworth, and Burton upon Trent (3 grounds), which is actually in neighbouring Staffordshire, have all been used in the past. Darley Dale, Repton School, Trent College, Leek, Staffordshire, and Knypersley have all hosted one-day matches (also in Staffordshire).

As of May,2022.